Pan Law Reference

L R C

Left channel

— dB

Right channel

— dB

Pan law determines how much a center-panned signal is attenuated to prevent it from summing louder than a hard-panned one. -4.5 dB is the most common default (Pro Tools, Logic); -3 dB is standard in Cubase and Nuendo. Check your DAW's preferences if summed mixes feel louder in the center than they should.

Related Tool: Loudness Target Reference